HIGHLIGHTS
- What: The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the surface characteristics of two designs of rotary NiTi files used in curved canals and subjected to multiple autoclaving cycles, utilizing an atomic force microscope for detailed analysis. The study aimed to compare the average surface roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq) among four different groups and to assess the changes in these parameters within each group across three time points: pre-operation (pre-op), after the first autoclave, and after the third autoclave. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the effect . . .

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