HIGHLIGHTS
- What: This study was approved by the relevant Ethics Committee (2023LLSC031), and all the subjects who participated in the survey provided informed consent. Common method bias test To verify whether the survey has a significant systematic error, the Harman one-way method was used to test the common method bias of factors (Podsakoff et_al, 2003). This study showed that the frequency of MW among athletes positively predicted the negative effect, supporting Hypothesis 1. This study examined the bidirectional effects of the frequency of athletes` MW and the role of different MW contents through multiple mediation model testing . . .

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