HIGHLIGHTS
- What: Most of this research in this field has focused on container ships, with fewer studies aimed specifically at ro-ro ships, which have distinct operational characteristics. This study seeks to address these gaps by applying the ant colony algorithm to ro-ro ship route optimization, tackling key challenges that arise in this context, and providing shipping companies with scientific guidance on how to improve operational efficiency and lower fuel consumption. By applying this model, the research aims to offer a practical solution for optimizing ro-ro ship routes, significantly reducing operating costs and providing essential technological . . .

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