HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Most human tumors have abnormal expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes specific to cancer cells whose products are recognized by T_cells, which has become a hotspot in tumor immunotherapy research. Blocking the PD1/PDL1 pathway by anti-PD1 (αPD1) or anti-PD1 ligand 1 (αPDL1) antibodies can potentially revert exhaustion in cytotoxic T_cells, preventing the immune escape of malignant cells. Tumors with an immune-desert phenotype could result from immunological ignorance, tolerance induction or inadequate T_cell priming or activation. Inflamed tumors are infiltrated by several immune cell types such as immune-suppressive regulatory . . .
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