HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
"vacuum" emphasizes that it is virtual electron-positron pairs which affect birefringence, as opposed to distributions of real matter in e_g optics. There have been many suggestions for how to measure polarized scattering via collisions of intense laser pulses, and for how to measure vacuum birefringence using X-ray photons to probe intense optical lasers, which is the focus of the planned HIBEF experiment. Suggestions for how to counter this, using e_g shaped beams, has seen much attention in recent years. As the authors will see, this can be achieved by swapping the planned . . .
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