HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
ILK and cultural heritage, especially intangible cultural heritage, continue to be unrepresented in ocean governance approaches, especially in area-based ocean management processes such as marine spatial planning (MSP) and marine protected areas (MPAs) (Gee et_al, 2017; Saunders et_al, 2020; Adams and Kowalski, 2021; Stephenson et_al, 2021). In South Africa, inadequate and non-inclusive ocean governance has resulted in food insecurity, loss of livelihoods, fracturing of coastal identities and other negative socio-cultural impacts (Sowman and Sunde, 2018; Strand et_al, 2022a). Poorer, marginalised coastal communities therefore are often excluded from management decisions pertaining to . . .
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