Estimating reproductive costs in marine mammal bioenergetic models: a review of current knowledge and data availability

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    The exception to this was when the citation was Bioenergetic models provide valuable insight into conservation concerns facing many marine mammal populations, such as climate change, prey availability and disturbance from human activities (e_g Villegas-Amtmann et_al, 2015; Reimer et_al, 2019; Silva et_al, 2020; Gallagher et_al, 2021). Volume 11 2023 been reported in all taxonomic groups of marine mammals (Kawamura, 1969; Spotte, 1982; Jameson and Bodkin, 1986; Fay et_al, 1991; Osborn et_al, 2012; Davison et_al, 2016; GutiƩrrez et_al, 2021; Drinkwater and Branch, 2022), but these reports are uncommon to rare. Some studies report . . .

     

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