HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Nusinersen was the first approved disease-modifying therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and it effectively improves motor function. Computed tomography (CT) guidance, cone-beam CT guidance or fluoroscopy guidance can facilitate lumbar punctures, but they can cause accumulated radiation exposure during longterm applications, especially for children, leading to potential cancer risks. Ultrasound (US) guidance has the advantages of nonradiation and real-time administration, but owing to technical challenges, it is seldom used for intrathecal injection in patients with SMA with scoliosis and even more seldom in patients after spine surgery. For postoperative patients . . .
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