HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Overall, ROS may contribute to the pathogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, for example by altered gene_expression modulation due to hypermethylation or hypomethylation. One of the main gene_expression regulation mechanisms is represented by DNA methylation. According to the most diffused interpretation, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a hallmark of gene repression, by altering the binding affinity of transcription factors and/or affecting chromatin structure, reducing nucleosome flexibility, and determining a more compact environment, which in turn negatively modulates gene_expression. 5hmC is the first and most stable intermediate in . . .
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