Environmental risk factors in puppies and kittens for developing chronic disorders in adulthood: a call for research on developmental programming

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

    Suggested research priorities are discussed for each condition, based on existing research in puppies and kittens, factors in adult dogs and cats known to be associated with the condition and hypothesized to become established during early life, and on knowledge of developmental programming in other species. Research strategies are proposed to increase the understanding of the long-term impact of early environment and life events for dogs and cats. Building upon evidence in dogs and cats, humans and laboratory animals, the authors propose a timeline of key exposures and developmental milestones in puppies and . . .

     

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