HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
While some studies report that speaking two or more languages improves executive functioning on tasks that recruit inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility (see Bialystok, 2017 for a review), others report null results (e_g, Paap and Greenberg, 2013; Gathercole et_al, 2014; von Bastian et_al, 2016). Several meta-analyses on bilingualism and cognition have added to the debate with contrasting conclusions, again with some meta-analyses in favor of bilinguals (e_g, Adesope et_al, 2010; Grundy and Timmer, 2017; Donnelly et_al, 2019; Ware et_al, 2020), while others conclude equivalent performance after correcting for publication bias (Lehtonen . . .
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