HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Risk factors (such as diabetes_mellitus, hypertension, smoking, etc.) undoubtedly aggravate atherogenesis and cardiovascular mortality through a dual risk: firstly, the intrinsic risk of the underlying disease; secondly, it increases the risk of atherosclerosis in various target organs. The authors know that there is a bidirectional relationship between the risk of cardiovascular disease and systemic diseases, such as diabetes_mellitus or primary hypertension. An evocative example would be peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is a direct macrovascular disorder of diabetes_mellitus (DM). PAD raises the risk of DM, and DM raises the risk of PAD. A diabetic . . .
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