Case report: rapid symptom resolution of a mixed affective state with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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SUMMARY

    Bipolar major depressive episodes with mixed features are diagnosed in patients who meet the full criteria for a major depressive episode exhibiting three additional concurrent symptoms of hypomania or mania. Up to half of patients with bipolar disorder experience mixed episodes, which are more likely to be treatmentrefractory than pure depression or mania/hypomania alone. The authors present a 68-year-old female with Bipolar Type II Disorder with a fourmonth medication-refractory major depressive episode with mixed features referred for neuromodulation consultation. Keyword transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), bipolar disorder, mixed features specifier, bipolar . . .

     

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