Barbara van koppen

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

    Age-old settlement by farm communities and pastoralists` establishment of nomadic routes vested customary rights to land and the fugitive surface runoff and streams flowing over the lands; soil moisture, wetlands and lakes on the land; and aquifers under the land (fig 1). Customary normative frameworks continue to shape communities` investments in "modern" low-cost plastic pipes, tanks, small motorized pumps and solar energy, also responding to growing populations, markets for water-dependent produce, and higher aspirations (Tapela 2015; Hellum et_al 2015; Van Koppen 2022). This recognition and support of heritage and culture but . . .

     

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