HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Reports indicate that lifetime prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in females as in males (Kilpatrick et_al, 2013; Valentino et_al, 2013a; Bangasser and Valentino, 2014). There also are data indicating that PTSD diagnosis more often preceded diagnosis of alcohol dependence in women than in men (Kessler et_al, 1997; Sonne et_al, 2003). Exposure to PS also significantly increased plasma and fecal corticosterone (CORT) levels and plasma adrenocorticotropic_hormone (ACTH) levels in male and female mice and rats (Mazor et_al, 2009; Cozzoli et_al, 2014; Whitaker and Gilpin, 2015; Finn et_al, 2018; Albrechet-Souza et_al, 2020; Shaw . . .
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