HIGHLIGHTS
- who: De-rong Xu from the The presenting study had been approved by the ethics committe of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and all patients have signed informed consentFrom May , to November, we have collected data of patients who received electromagnetic and optical navigation-assisted Endo-TLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation due to single-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis. All patients were presented with persisting lower back pain or claudication and failed standard conservative treatment of at least , months. The patients were chosen to receive surgical intervention due to following conditions: (1) Degenerative spondylolisthesis of one segement with . . .
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