HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The Fear Avoidance model and the Avoidance-Endurance model can also be applied to pre- and postoperative pain: fear and high levels of catastrophizing have been found to predict higher levels of_(postoperative) pain, pain chronicity and reduced quality of life (Pavlin et_al, 2005; Khan et_al, 2011; Hoofwijk et_al, 2015). Unrealistic or unfulfilled expectations about surgery and preoperative stress may lead to the experience of higher levels of postoperative pain (Iversen et_al, 1998, 2015; Munafo and Stevenson, 2003; Arpino et_al, 2004; Granot and Ferber, 2005; Morone et_al, 2010; Mancuso et_al, 2016). Spinal surgery patients . . .
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