SUMMARY
For the cross-sectional study. Previous studies have found that depressive symptoms are one of the important risk factors for a variety of adverse health outcomes, which could increase the risk of chronic physical diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and CLD. Based on the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the authors aimed to explore the association between depressive symptoms and CLD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Assessment of depressive symptoms Depressive symptoms were measured using CES-D which was a validated rating scale and had been widely used to assess depressive symptoms in . . .
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