SUMMARY
ORFs that are specific to one species are designated as "orphan" (sometimes spelled "ORFan") genes, while more widely distributed ORFs that are not present universally but only at lower taxonomic ranks, are designated as TRGs. By definition, orphan genes lack detectable homology in other species, and TRGs are not present in any genomes outside their respective taxa. The neglect of orphans has continued to some extent in the genomic era, as functional roles are mainly assigned to newly sequenced genes mainly via homology criteria (e_g, existing annotations in other species). The discovery of orphan genes has led . . .
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