SUMMARY
Plastic pollution has become a primary global environmental concern, with annual production exceeding 8.3 billion metric tons and increasing. Commercially available NPs are mainly used for detection or toxicology research, but these have yet to be directly compared to naturally derived NPs. Whether commercial NPs are suitable surrogates for natural NPs in these studies remains unclear. Concerning their morphology, commercial NPs are different from natural NPs in size, shape, surface composition, and aggregation behavior. The irregular shape of natural NPs (spherical, rod-shaped, and even lamellar) can lead to unpredictable effects, experimental error, and toxicity when . . .
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