Valid gene expression normalization by rt-qpcr in studies on hpdl fibroblasts with focus on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Christian Kirschneck from the We selected , candidate reference genes based on their frequent usage for normalization in gene expression studies with differing functions in cell metabolism to minimize co-regulation (Table, ) All primers were newly designed by the authors with NCBI Primer, according to the MIQE guidelines11, (Supplementary Table, ) to minimize risk of bias. Intron-flanking primer pairs to prevent a co-amplification of genomic DNA could be designed for all candidate reference genes except RNA , as well as sufficient absence of hairpin structures and self-/cross-dimer formation confirmed at annealing temperature (∆G ≥, kcal/mol41 . . .
  

   

  

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