Accepted: 20 may 2022 © the author(s) 2022 timo lenzner timo.lenzner@gesis.org patricia hadler patricia.hadler@gesis.org

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

    The aim of cognitive interviewing is to gain insights into the cognitive processes underlying survey responding (Tourangeau et_al 2000): how do respondents interpret questions?, how do they retrieve relevant information for answering questions from memory?, how do they arrive at a judgement about what to answer?, and_(4) how do they map their "internally" determined answer to the response format provided? Even though cognitive interviewing is an established questionnaire pretesting method, there is limited empirical work examining its effectiveness in identifying real question problems (i.e., that indeed undermine data quality) and helping to . . .

     

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