HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
A related idea, introduced by Buterin (2018b) in the context of analyzing blockchain systems, defines a "grief" as a strategy that causes harm to both the participant executing this strategy and other participants in a game. Buterin additionally provides a measure of the effectiveness of griefs, which he calls the "griefing factor," indicating the ratio of the harm that an attack does and its cost to the attacker (Buterin, 2018b). As griefing factors can be calculated in terms of the payoffs of the game, one does not need to know in advance what rewards . . .
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