Apoptotic processes precede infection with symbionts in a pogonophoran lavrae (siboglinidae, annelida)

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: input2 from the organ of symbiotrophic nutritionThe gut, which functioned earlier, is degraded, and the skin and other tissues through which bacteria have entered the body die via cell apoptosis [7]. In the case of frenulate pogonophorans, it is still believed that bacteria enter the larval body through the mouth and colonize the gut epithelium, which is then transformed into the trophosome [8]. Owing to their unique symbiosis with bacteria, Siboglinidae worms colonize habitats with extreme conditions, such as hydrothermal vent craters (vestimeniferans), whale bones (Osedax), and hydrocarbon seeps (vestimeniferans and pogonophorans). The establishment of symbiosis . . .
  

   

  

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