HIGHLIGHTS
- who: Yang Shen from the HospitalThe investigation was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University (approval number PS K, dated, ). The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Registry Center (registration No. ChiCTR2200059013, dated, ) before patient enrolment. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects participating in the trial. The trial protocol followed the Declaration of Helsinki. This manuscript adheres to the applicable Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have published the paper: Application of a preoperative pain management mode based on instant messaging software in elderly . . .
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