Berry-dipole photovoltaic demon and the thermodynamics of photocurrent generation within the optical gap of metals

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SUMMARY

    The first major objective of the current study is to contribute to fill in this gap by investigating perturbatively the constraints imposed by the second_law_of_thermodynamics on the leading nonlinear response functions that govern such bulk rectification effects. As a consequence, they are generically accompanied by a small but finite photon absorption, which must be present to abide by the second_law_of_thermodynamics. Because of periodicity the change of the system energy vanishes over one cycle: E=0.2 On the other hand, the KelvinPlanck statement of the second_law_of_thermodynamics, implies that during one cycle the system can . . .

     

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