HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Indeed, in both sporadic (nonfamilial) and familial RCCs (e_g, VHL syndrome), the HIF transcription factors upregulate the expression of several growth factors (e_g, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-alpha ), inducing angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration, as well as the expression of numerous genes regulating glucose metabolism and oxygen transport and metabolism. The authors reviewed the impact of targeted agents and ICI on bone and bone metabolism in patients affected by advanced RCC. Effect of of TKI TKI on on Bone Bone Metabolism: Metabolism: A A Lesson Lesson from . . .
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