Can you do all in one professional label? complementarity, substitution, and independence effects in academic life

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

    Whether research finalized to scientific publishing on one hand, and other types of knowledge transfer, such as teaching, patenting, and spin-off creation, on the other, are complementary, substitutable, or independent of each other has been debated (Crespi et_al, 2011; Landry et_al, 2010; Salter et_al, 2017). Scarce attention has been paid to academic citizenship, though, intended as the service activities and roles indispensable for university functioning that faculty undertake within and outside the university boundaries, such as participation in academic committees, involvement in the scientific community, and membership of public and nonprofit organizations` boards . . .

     

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