Cascading fault prevention and control strategy based on economic dispatch of ac/dc systems

HIGHLIGHTS

• What: The inner-layer model aims to solve the static safety margin, while the outer-layer model utilizes the safety margin solved by the inner layer as a constraint to minimize the comprehensive cost of the grid.Furthermore, a two-layer pArticle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level preventive control model. In this paper, the quadratic exterior point penalty function method is introduced to deal with the inequality constraints in the inner and outer models respectively, which is transformed into the form of objective function with penalty term, such as Eq , and then the . . .
  

   

  

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