Comparison of the effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy alone in advanced biliary tract cancer and construction of the nomogram for survival prediction based on the inflammatory index and controlling nutritional status score

SUMMARY

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a malignant tumor originating from biliary tract epithelial_cells, accounting for about 3% of GI malignancies, which can be divided into cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and gallbladder carcinoma (GCA) according to the site of development, and the CCA can be further divided into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA), hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC), and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCCA). In the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-224 clinical trials, single-agent pembrolizumab showed some benefits; in addition, in the KEYNOTE-158 clinical trial, patients with advanced BTC with positive PD-L1 expression achieved an ORR of 40.9% with pembrolizumab, and even . . .

 



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