Construct validity and reliability of the malay version of the fagerström test for nicotine dependence (ftnd): a confirmatory factor analysis

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Kuang Hock Lim et al. from the Research Paper to the uni-dimensionality of the original FTND Researchers who reported the bi-dimensionality of FTND suggested the first domain, which is characterized by morning smoking-related questions, which is thought to measure how urgently nicotine levels need to be brought up to a certain threshold following nighttime abstinence, whilst the second domain has been interpreted as a measure of the persistence with which nicotine levels are maintained at a certain threshold during waking hours. However, researchers report different items in both domains of FTND, with Radzius . . .
  

   

  

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