HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Financial difficulties, partnership, life stress, smoking, alcohol intake, and living conditions were factored into the pooled estimates, there was a significant difference in PPD rates. Stressful recent life events, poor social support, early life abuse, previous history of depression, abuse by an intimate partner, low levels of maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and a history of mental illness are some factors that have been associated with postpartum depression. Even though different cross-sectional studies have been conducted in different parts of Ethiopia on postpartum depression, there is a dearth of research that determines causal . . .
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