HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Eighty percent of patients with opioid addiction entering methadone treatment in the United_States also report recent pain,[1, 8] and 37% report chronic pain, described by 65% of people as at least moderately severe. Pain is a critical factor in relapse to opioids; individuals with comorbid pain and opioid addiction are 3-5 times more likely to relapse to opioids than those with opioid addiction but no pain. There is a lack of consensus in the field of addiction medicine about the effect of chronic pain on response to treatment for opioid addiction despite . . .
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