HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The direct straw return may also result in environmental and production risks in agricultural systems, such as stimulating CH4 emission and aggravating plant pest infestation (Li et_al, 2018; Kerdraon et_al, 2019). Microbes decompose the components of straw by producing enzymes such as glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase (Reddy et_al, 2013; Zhou et_al, 2021). Besides cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, types of proteins, lipophilic compounds, starches, low-molecular carbohydrates, and other organic compounds have been identified in straws (Van Hung et_al, 2020; Rosado et_al, 2022). The construction of microbial consortiums with high straw degradation capacity is also . . .
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