Effect of butorphanol on visceral pain in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Jing Wang from the This dual-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Daxing People`s Hospital between August, th, and September, th, This study was approved by the China Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (Registration number: ChiECRCT20200200) and registered at(NCT04477733, )) in July, . All patients or their legal representatives provided written informed consent. The study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. We recruited adult patients aged , to , with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status from I to III who underwent colonoscopy . . .
  

   

  

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