HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The target is initialized as a hydrogen foil with thickness l0=0.2λ and electron_density ne0=20nc, where nc is the critical electron_density. The amplitude of electron_density perturbation oscillates with a frequency around 2ω0 and grows exponentially at a rate γe=0.55/T that is higher than that of protons (γp=0.49/T). Since ̃ Ey is very weak, the electron_density is modulated transversely by the zeroth-order electric field Ey0 at the laser frequency. A 2ω0 electron_density oscillation is seen after the development of sufficiently large surface deformation in the . . .
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