SUMMARY
Previously, Huang CX et_al showed that tobacco extract induces endoplasmic_reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, exacerbates the unfolded protein response and impairs RPE tight junctions. Nicotine exposure can promote RPE cell secretion of macrophage-related chemokines, such as fibronectin, laminin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein, to recruit and activate macrophages. By studying the interaction between RPE cells and macrophages, the authors can gain better insights into how nicotine exposure exacerbates CNV. The aim of this study was to observe the changes in the levels of ER chaperone proteins in RPE cells after . . .
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