HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The most prominent challenge in multilevel governance is the interactions between different levels to develop effective innovation policy outcomes (Guimón 2018). The question then arises whether the policy mix resulting from interactions between levels of government or the relationship of local policy instruments with other policy instruments can affect the eventual efficiency of innovation policy. This paper addresses multilevel governance issues and challenges in the context of Smart Specialization policies and critically reviews evidence and lessons learned in implementing innovation policy strategies in several EU regions. Using a literature review approach, this paper . . .
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