Evolution of the combined effect of different irrigation solutions and activation techniques on the removal of root canal: an in_vitro study the aim of this in_vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three final irrigants namely qmix mtad and edta combined with three irrigation techniques namely conventional needle irrigation (cni) passive ultrasonic irrigation (pui) and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (pips) on smear layer removal dentin mineral content and microhardness in oval-shaped canals

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: R ESEAR CH AR and collaborators from the Tooth selection and grouping The sample size was calculated by using G Power Software with the effect size of , and u03b1=0., [24]. One hundred and thirty samples were required, per group, to set the power to, %. Single-rooted and single-canaled mature maxillary and mandibular premolars with a curvature of less than, u00b0 (measured according to the Schneider method [25]) extracted for orthodontic reasons were collected at the Department of Oral Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China), which belonged to , males and , females . . .
  

   

  

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