HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Chronic stress can cause behavioral changes, physiological changes [decreased growth, reduced Frontiers in Veterinary Science frontiersin.org 10.3389/fvets.2022.1046205 recent and ongoing. The argument is reproductivity, reduced nutritional status ], and compromised health. Unfortunately, measurement of glucocorticoids comes with a host of practical challenges that make high-throughput phenotyping difficult, even if non-invasive methods are used. An alternative, suggested by links between glucocorticoid physiology and behavioral "types" or "styles" might be to adopt behavioral testing. On the other, despite rapid diversification of species used for food aquaculture and their burgeoning use . . .
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