HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Because the fatwa conflates Murshid with the role of a leader in a tariqah, it does not account for situations where there may be more than one Murshid in a Sufi order; one of whom is the leader and the others who are high-ranking teachers or guides and may include women. Female spiritual guides of the highest rank in Sufi orders around the world, including in Indonesia, may, like their male counterparts, carry different titles across the diversity of Sufi tariqah including that of Murshida, Khalifah, Syaikhoh, and Muqaddama, among others moving into . . .
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