HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Glucosylceramide-derived sphingoid bases induce apoptosis, whereas feeding with glucosylceramide increases intestinal Blautia coccoides, Bacteroides sartorii, and Hathewaya histolytica levels in_vivo. When cholic acid is dehydroxylated at the 7α-position by intestinal microbes and becomes secondary cholic acid, namely deoxycholic acid, these products exert strong antimicrobial activity and affect intestinal microbial flora in_vivo. To gain insight into the role of glucosylceramide in_vivo, glucosylceramide was added to intestinal microbes in_vitro and cultured anaerobically, and its effects on intestinal microbes and metabolites were analyzed. The authors first report the in_vitro prebiotic effects of glucosylceramide. This research . . .
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