High glucose induces and activates toll-like receptor 4 in endothelial cells of diabetic retinopathy

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Lu Wang from the Five patients diagnosed as PDR were recruited from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaFive normal human eye balls were from the Eye Bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre (Table, ). PDR patients underwent a series of ophthalmic examination, including the history of previous ocular treatments, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and fundus color photography. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was assessed based on the standardized fundus color photographs and on the fluorescein angiograms. The medical examination included fasting plasma concentrations of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. All patients received . . .
  

   

  

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