HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
With the advance in genomic technology, many epigenetic changes have been identified as potential prognostic biomarkers in colon cancer patients, such as aberrant DNA methylation processes, noncoding RNA and microRNA disorders, and histone modification changes (Kandimalla et_al, 2021; Vymetalkova et_al, 2019). Hypoxia affects the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) directly and indirectly, with much evidence favoring an immunosuppressive effect (Chouaib et_al, 2018; You et_al, 2021). Metastasis and recurrence have always been the main problems leading to refractory colon cancer (Bekaii-Saab et_al, 2019; Mayer et_al, 2015; Sartore-Bianchi et_al, 2016), and about 30-50% of . . .
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