Immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma: molecular basis and rationale for their use in clinical practice

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

Antigen peptides in MHC are recognized by T_cell receptors; CD8 T_cells bind class I MHC, whereas CD4 T_cells bind class II MHC. CD4 and CD8 are T_cell coreceptors that bind non-polymorphic regions of MHC molecules. CD28 co-stimulation is necessary for T_cell activation since CD28 binds B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on activated macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. Effector T_cells` homing to tumor sites is impaired as well. Most human solidMost cancers express B7 family protein binds T_cells` human solid PD-L1, cancers aexpress PD-L1, a B7 that family . . .

 



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