HIGHLIGHTS
- What: The research has shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces the differentiation of inflammatory CD40+ monocytes through elevated homocysteine levels and DNA methylation . The study reveals that peripheral Tregs lacking CD27 show similar suppressive capacities compared with their wild-type counterparts. Based on the studies discussed, the authors propose the following immunological principles to guide the future development of new ICP therapeutics for CVDs: Disease stage-specific expression: ICP blockade therapy should consider the disease stage specific expression of ICPs, as observed in conditions such as graft arterial disease and atherosclerosis .
- Who: Ying Shao . . .
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