Immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma: biological concepts and treatment strategies

HIGHLIGHTS

  • who: . and collaborators from the Oslo University Hospital, Norway Fudan University, China have published the Article: Immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma: Biological concepts and treatment strategies, in the Journal: (JOURNAL)
  • future: Studies are desperately needed to further assess the safety and efficacy of these combination therapies in advanced CCA. frontiersin.org 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1037945 Immune checkpoint molecules Surface protein binding to CD80 on antigen-presenting cells to inhibit cytotoxic cells. cells. More than 31 studies have been registered on ClinicalTrial.gov to evaluate diverse immunotherapies in CCA patients yet more preclinical and randomized clinical . . .

     

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