HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Generally, manure application promotes the propagation of ARGs, for instance, genes conferring resistance to sulfonamide (Tang et_al, 2015; Lin et_al, 2016; Xu et_al, 2021). Biochar was applied to improve soil fertility and reduce soil pollutants, including antibiotics and heavy metals (Ye et_al, 2016; Wang S. et_al, 2021). Antibiotic resistance is an ancient and natural phenomenon (D`Costa et_al, 2011; Shen et_al, 2019), and human activities such as livestock production, composting, and manure fertilization have put selective pressure on antimicrobial resistance in various environments (Zhu et_al, 2013; Forsberg et_al, 2014). ARGs were widely detected in . . .
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