Judgment, impostors tend to adopt maladaptive work styles when faced with upcoming performance situations. they either overprepare excessively (procrastination), or post- pone starting a task until the last possible moment and work in a frenzied manner (procrastination; sakulku & alexan- der, 2011 ). the consequence of both working styles is the attribution of their successes to extraordinary effort, luck, or sympathy (clance, 1985 ) and, conversely, the attribution of failures to their incompetence (brauer & wolf, 2016 ). the ip is a continuous individual difference variable that is stable over time and has a multidimensional theoretical foundation (mak et al., 2019 ). this personality trait is char- acterized by feelings of inferiority, fear, self-deprecation, and inclinations to an external locus of control. the ip shares overlap with the dsm-iii-r cluster c (ross & krukowski, 2003 ) and shows strong associations with neuroticism (ibra- him et al., 2020 ), depression (mcgregor et al., 2008 ), and self-criticism (kolligian & sternberg, 1991 ). impostors exhibit performance-related anxiety (fried-buchalter, 1992 ) and lower academic and global self-confidence (thomp – son, 1994 ) but, in contrast, also high self-expectations (clance, ) and maladaptive perfectionism (pannhau- sen et al., ). the impostor’s self-esteem is dependent on outstanding performance, and the contrast between