Lead, cadmium, and other trace elements in the liver of golden eagles and white-tailed eagles: recent data from poland and a systematic review of previous studies

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

Eagles, as apex predators, are considered suitable biomonitors of trace_element environmental pollution that can provide early warning of the potential impacts of these contaminants on humans (Gómez-Ramírez et_al 2014; Badry et_al 2019). The obtained moisture was used to convert the trace_element results from wet weight (ww) to dry weight (dw). For the hepatic levels of other trace_elements, including Cu (Puls 1988), Mn (Puls 1988), Se (Eisler 1993; Ohlendorf and Heinz 2011), and Zn (Puls 1988; Eisler 1993) which are essential for birds but can induce toxic effects if ingested in excess . . .

 



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